Tier 1 of plan §7.5: a radix tree of request prefixes that estimates which replica has already prefilled one. Bytes, not tokens — needing the engine's exact tokenizer is what makes tier 2 a separate project. It went in inert, and the decision metric is what caught it: 144 lookups, zero hits. The cause was a rule I had written and tested for. A node's label is the first request that created it, so the second request for the same system prompt diverges in its last few bytes — a new question after the same preamble, the single most common shape there is. Requiring the whole label to match threw away the 700 bytes they shared. What matters is the shared head, because that is what the engine cached, and a partial label match now counts. Two unit tests asserted the wrong rule and have been inverted. With that fixed, measured end to end against engines whose caches are too small for the working set: 22.5% cache hits without, 81.7% with, and the breakdown shows the misses are exactly the first round, when the tree is empty. The scenario matters as much as the number. With a handful of prompts and a large cache, scattering is free — every replica ends up holding everything — and prefix routing can only add constraint. The first version of the test measured that case and showed a loss, which was a true statement about a situation the feature is not for. Two things keep it from being the disaster prefix routing usually is. The imbalance guard, which needs both an absolute and a relative gap before it fires, because either alone misfires — absolute on an idle cluster, relative on a busy one. And it is a scorer rather than a filter: affinity is a vote the queue and inflight scorers can outvote, not a rule. The tree records the replica the picker actually chose, not the one the scorer proposed, and a node prefers the replica it has seen most rather than most recently — a count is stable under a randomizing picker, where recency just chases whatever the picker last did. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
llmgw
A single-binary LLM gateway for clusters with multiple InfiniBand fabrics and heterogeneous GPUs.
It serves LLMs running on your own GPU servers (vLLM / SGLang) behind one OpenAI-compatible endpoint. Design document: llmgw-plan.md.
Status
Releases track the roadmap phases; see CHANGELOG.md.
| Version | Phase | Scope | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| v0.1.0 | 0 | Skeleton and sim-engine | released |
| v0.2.0 | 1 | Static router (filter/score/pick, streaming proxy) | released |
| v0.3.0 | 1.5 | Admission control (priority bands) | released |
| v0.4.0 | 2 | Agent: GPU/IB discovery, engine supervision | released |
| v0.5.0 | 3 | Control plane: catalog, placement, reconciler, ctl | released |
| v0.6.0 | 4 | Multi-node placement and fabric awareness | planned |
| v1.0.0 | 5 | Tenancy, prefix affinity, benchmarking | planned |
As of v0.3.0 the router serves traffic and protects it: a batch workload no longer starves interactive requests. Still missing before v1.0.0: authentication, rate limits and budgets, and the control plane that replaces the static endpoint list.
Building
make build # bin/llmgw
make test # unit tests
make race # with the race detector
Operating a cluster
llmgw ctl nodes # capacity, health, what is running where
llmgw ctl models # catalog and replica counts
llmgw ctl replicas --model llama # replicas and their shards
llmgw ctl explain-placement llama # why a model has not been placed
llmgw ctl drain gpu-a-01 # move work off a node, one replica at a time
llmgw ctl cordon gpu-a-01 # stop new placement, leave what runs
ctl talks to the admin port (:9090 by default), not the client-facing one.
Add --json to any command for machine-readable output.
explain-placement is the one worth knowing about: "unschedulable" on its own
says nothing about which of six constraints bit, so it prints every candidate
considered and the reason it was rejected.
Running the router
# Two fake engines and a router in front of them.
./bin/llmgw sim-engine --listen :8001 --model llama &
./bin/llmgw sim-engine --listen :8002 --model llama &
./bin/llmgw server \
--endpoint e1=http://127.0.0.1:8001=llama \
--endpoint e2=http://127.0.0.1:8002=llama
curl -N localhost:8080/v1/chat/completions \
-H 'content-type: application/json' \
-H 'x-session-id: demo' \
-d '{"model":"llama","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hello"}],"stream":true}'
For anything real use a config file; deploy/examples/server.yaml
is commented throughout. Metrics, health and pprof are on the admin port (:9090
by default), deliberately separate from the client-facing one.
Requests carry a priority band (x-llmgw-band). Under load, low bands wait at
the gateway while high bands keep flowing, so the cluster degrades from the
bottom up instead of everywhere at once. Measured effect: interactive p99 stays
within 1.24x of idle while 500 concurrent batch requests run, against 58x with
admission off.
Routing profiles select how endpoints are scored: chat favours session
affinity, batch favours the shortest queue, long-context favours free KV
cache. Pick one per model in the config, or per request with the
x-llmgw-profile header.
sim-engine
Simulates the inference-engine behaviours the router cares about, so the router can be developed and tested without GPUs. What it models:
- continuous batching (bounded number of concurrent sequences)
- KV cache block accounting, queueing once blocks run out (head-of-line blocking included)
- automatic prefix caching (chained block hashes plus an LRU) and its effect on time to first token
- per-token latency growing with batch size
- dropping a request and freeing its blocks when the client disconnects
/metricsusing vLLM's metric names
./bin/llmgw sim-engine --listen :8000 --model llama-3.3-70b
curl -N localhost:8000/v1/chat/completions \
-H 'content-type: application/json' \
-d '{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hello"}],"max_tokens":8,"stream":true}'
Tune load and latency behaviour with --max-num-seqs, --num-gpu-blocks,
--prefill-tps, --decode-tps, --batch-contention and
--prefix-cache-blocks. For chaos testing use --fail-rate, and --seed for
deterministic runs.
The engine metric contract
For the router to make routing decisions an engine must expose these three metrics (plan §7.6). sim-engine publishes them under vLLM's real names:
vllm:num_requests_running
vllm:num_requests_waiting
vllm:kv_cache_usage_perc
Adding support for a new engine means satisfying that contract. Metric names drift between versions, so the name mapping is configurable.
Module path
gitea.mynodes.xyz/ilker/llmgw. To change it:
make rename NEW=git.example.com/team/llmgw
Language
Code, comments, tests, commit messages and documentation are in English.