Nothing in the tree could be renamed, moved or removed, and an approved
person stayed in the project they were first put in — from the web or
the CLI. Now:
- /admin/users is the tree, each project opening onto its people and
keys, with approve, move, suspend, reinstate and remove for people,
revoke for keys, and add, rename, move and remove at every level,
plus a search over every account. Forms post and get the page back,
so it works with no script; htmx 2.0.11 (0BSD, embedded, checked
against npm's integrity hash) swaps only the changed part, keeping
open projects open.
- llmgw org tree/add/rename/move/remove, users move/delete, and
keys list --all.
- Projects, teams and organizations are named by id, path
(Acme/platform/gateway) or unique name; users by id or email. With a
single project --project can be left out, instead of defaulting to
"default", which a tree built from the web does not have.
Moving a person moves the keys they made; operator keys stay with the
project. Only empty things are removed, and never a project that had a
key, since usage history refers to it.
Also: keys init no longer reparents an existing team or project;
reinstating an account with no project is refused (a rejected signup
used to come back active and fail at its first key); rejecting a
signup removes it; keys limits --budget takes whole units like the
quotas page.
Checked in headless Chrome: a move from an open project updates the
page in place, keeps the project open, and the search still filters.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Installs PostgreSQL with the machine's own package manager when it has
none (initdb with password auth on the RHEL family, whose default is
ident), creates the llmgw role and database with a generated password
kept in /etc/llmgw/secrets/store-dsn, and checks the address connects.
On a machine already on SQLite it stops the gateway, copies the store
so accounts and keys survive, points auth.store at the new address and
starts it again. A move that fails starts the gateway on SQLite again.
server.yaml is edited as text so its comments survive, and kept beside
it. A PostgreSQL init did not install is not resized: it may serve
something else. It refuses to move one PostgreSQL store into another.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
install.md said the client port belongs behind a reverse proxy and gave
nothing to put there. deploy/proxy/ has both, attached to every release.
What they get right is what a first attempt gets wrong: streamed replies
are not buffered, the read timeout outlasts a model's silence before its
first token (nginx's 60s default is a 504), the body limit matches the
router's, and X-Forwarded-Proto and -Host are set by the proxy rather
than passed through — llmgw marks session cookies Secure from the first
and builds the landing page's base URL from the second.
The Caddyfile was validated and run against a streaming upstream: events
arrive as sent, and forged forwarded headers are replaced. nginx uses
`listen ... http2` because `http2 on;` needs 1.25.1 and Ubuntu 22.04 and
Debian 12 ship older.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
`llmgw server init` does what install.md's steps 2 and 3 asked of the
operator: the llmgw user and directories, a certificate authority, the
control plane's certificate for every address the machine has, a
configuration, the default project, an administrator with a generated
password, and the systemd unit — then starts it and waits for /health.
Every step looks before it acts, so a second run changes nothing, and
--host later reissues the certificate with the old names kept. It never
overwrites server.yaml or an authority, and leaves alone certificates
issued by an authority kept on another machine.
The configuration install.md showed could not start: an empty catalog
without control.enabled is refused as having nothing to serve. The one
init writes sets it, and a test holds that.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
A node ran whatever llama-server somebody had once unpacked on it. Onboarding
checked an engine only when told its path, installed none, and a node with
nothing on it registered as ready. The one time that went wrong it went wrong
invisibly: the binary was there, executable, and could not start for want of
libgomp1, while the node reported healthy.
The control plane now says which engines every node has, at which version —
`engines:` in server.yaml, defaulting to the llama.cpp build this release was
checked against — and each agent converges on it. What only the node can
know, the node works out: the build for its processor and driver (CUDA with
its runtime when an NVIDIA driver is loaded, CPU otherwise), the OS packages
that build needs from its own package sources, and whether the result runs.
Every archive is checked against the sha256 GitHub publishes for it and
unpacked refusing any path or link that leaves the install directory. ldd
names a missing library outright; running `--version` proves the rest. Only
then is a directory marked installed, and it is checked again every ten
minutes, because an unrelated upgrade can remove a library.
An engine is reported only once installed and seen to run, or when the
agent's configuration names it on purpose — never because something happened
to be on PATH. The agent now says when it has probed, so an empty list means
"has none" rather than "too old to say": a node rebuilt from nothing is no
longer a candidate for every model at the moment it can run none of them.
Placement's refusal carries the node's own words, "installing: downloading
llama-b10991-bin-ubuntu-x64.tar.gz (16 MB)", and so do `ctl nodes` and the
cluster page, along with a warning for a CPU without AVX2 — the VM CPU type
that makes everything five times slower and nothing look wrong.
Agents also report their OS, architecture, vector extensions and NVIDIA
driver. Onboarding installs llmgw itself from the CI release for the node's
architecture, checked against the release's checksums, rather than copying
whatever binary the operator's machine had.
vLLM and SGLang are not installed yet: they are Python environments of
several gigabytes, not an archive, and still have to be named in the agent's
configuration.
Also fixes a race on the weights fingerprint, which two heartbeat loops touch
during a failover.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Every agent file on the cluster named its own node, its own address, the
path to llama-server and two weight directories — different on every node,
kept true by hand, and not true: node05 carried "ram: 32g" beside a measured
31 GB, looked for weights in an empty directory while fetching them into
another, and the other four never looked in theirs at all, so four nodes
reported no disk. Growing a node's RAM would have gone unnoticed, because
memory was read once, at registration.
The agent now finds these out. Its id is the hostname, which is also the
certificate's common name. Its address is the one on the route to the
control plane, which the kernel picks for a UDP dial without sending
anything. llama-server is looked for on PATH and then where release archives
are unpacked. A missing nvidia-smi is a node without NVIDIA cards rather
than a failed discovery — which also cut discovery short before InfiniBand
on every CPU node not told to skip GPUs. Fetched weights land in
/var/lib/llmgw-weights by default, and wherever they land is always looked
in.
Memory is read on every heartbeat, and installed engines are probed again
each minute and sent when they change, so a VM given more RAM or a node
given vLLM becomes a candidate without anyone restarting its agent. The
control plane logs both changes, since "the node now qualifies" is the
answer to why a model placed an hour after it was asked for.
What is written still wins. The agent file shrinks to the control plane's
addresses and the TLS files, the same on every node; onboarding writes only
the overrides it was given. What cannot be found stays configuration: which
fabric an adapter is on, because OpenSM's default prefix is the same on all
of them.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Read start to finish as somebody standing up a new cluster, it sent them
down a path we no longer take.
The mirror was absent from all 821 lines, and the page still said that
distributing weights was "a known gap, not an oversight" — so the reader
would have gone away to solve, by hand, the problem the binary in front of
them solves. It is step 4 now, before the nodes, because where a node
fetches from is the difference between minutes and a day, and on a customer
network the nodes often have no route out at all.
Two of the listed gaps had been closed and were still listed: a fetch does
report its progress to the control plane, and there is an HA pattern. A
gap somebody believes in is worse than one they discover.
Added what this week made obvious was missing. Upgrading, including the
zero-byte copy that ssh -n silently produces and the size check that is the
only thing between that and a fleet on a truncated binary. Backing up, in
the order that matters, and the fact that API keys are hashed and do not
come back. Pricing in the first configuration, because a budget without a
price is displayed, counted against nothing, and never binds. And scale,
bench and the source check, none of which were written down anywhere.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The dashboard charted what the cluster had been billed for — requests, tokens,
spend, all from llmgw's own store — and nothing about whether it was healthy.
Saturation, queue depth, cache occupancy and replica counts were numbers in a
table at the instant the page loaded, with no way to see that one of them had
been climbing for an hour.
Four line charts now, read back from wherever the metrics were scraped to.
Read back rather than kept twice. llmgw publishes these already; what a gauge
cannot do is remember, and a ring buffer in this process would be a rival copy
of the same numbers with its own retention, lost on every restart and
disagreeing with the one an operator has on screen elsewhere. monitoring.prometheus
is empty by default and the panels are then absent rather than empty.
One axis per chart, always. Two measures of different scale belong in two
charts: a second y-axis lets any two lines be made to cross wherever the author
likes and the reader cannot tell it happened.
Four colours, handed out in fixed order, never cycled. A fifth series is summed
into "other" and drawn in grey — dropping it would make a chart that does not
add up, and inventing a hue for it would put two lines on the page that nobody
can tell apart. The fold is by timestamp, not by position: the tail's series do
not share sample times, and adding them by index slides points sideways onto
each other's clock.
A legend for every chart with more than one line, because colour alone is not
an encoding a reader can rely on.
A flat zero is drawn along the bottom rather than left blank: nothing happening
is a real answer, and an empty frame reads as a broken chart. A single sample
is not a line and says so instead of putting a dot in the corner.
One failed query fails all four panels. Three drawn and one blank invites
reading the blank one as "nothing is happening there".
NaN is dropped rather than plotted. Prometheus sends it as a string for a
sample it has no value for, Go's ParseFloat accepts it happily, and one NaN
coordinate is an SVG path that does not draw at all — taking the rest of the
line with it.
Axis maxima are rounded to a number a person would pick. An axis topping out at
0.8347 makes every gridline unreadable, and the shape is what a chart is for.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
A gateway serving nine models offered nine names and nothing to choose between
them. /v1/models is the only view most clients ever have, and it listed ids.
Models carry a description now: written when the model is added, shown on the
dashboard and sent to clients in /v1/models.
Written rather than derived. A registry offers a pipeline tag and a wall of
README, and neither answers the question somebody picking from a list is
asking — which of these should I send this request to. "General chat, strong
Swedish; slower than the 8B" is not in any metadata field.
It is optional, and absent means absent rather than an empty string in the
response: a model nobody described should read as undescribed, not as described
with nothing.
On the dashboard it sits under its row rather than in a column. A sentence in a
table cell either wraps every other column into a stripe or gets cut off.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <moreply@anthropic.com>
Mirroring anything meant knowing a repository existed, knowing which of its
thirty files were the weights, and assembling a resolve URL by hand. The mirror
page had a text box for that URL and no way to find one.
It now searches Hugging Face and lists a repository's weight files with their
sizes and published checksums, each with a button that fills the fetch form.
Only weight files. A repository is mostly a README and a tokenizer, and listing
those buries the four entries somebody came for.
The size shown is the LFS size, not the plain one. For an LFS-stored file —
every weights file — the plain field is the size of the pointer, so the other
one reports a gigabyte model as 133 bytes, and that is the number somebody
would then plan disk against.
The source URL is pinned to the commit the listing came from rather than to a
branch, so what the mirror fetches is what was on screen. A repository
re-uploaded under the same branch otherwise leaves two different sets of
weights with identical provenance and no way to tell them apart. The version
defaults to that revision for the same reason.
The registry's own failures are reported on their own line. It is somebody
else's server on the other side of the internet, and it being down says nothing
about the mirror — which is what the page is for and has to keep working
regardless. With no registry configured there is no search box at all, rather
than one that can only time out.
Gating decodes from a bool or a string, because the field is documented as the
first and is the second in practice: strict decoding fails the whole response,
so one gated model would hide the other nineteen in a page of results.
And a bug this made obvious: downloads were keyed by model and version, so the
second shard of a sharded model was refused as "already fetching" until the
first had finished. A fifteen-shard model had to be pulled one file at a time,
each waiting on the last. Keyed by file now — which is what the single-flight
was ever protecting, since the race is two writers on one .part. A version made
of several files reports as the worst of them: it is not present until every
shard is, and one shard failing makes the version unusable however many others
arrived.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Control plane mode was inferred from the config file alone: a model with
profiles meant "control plane", nothing meant "router only". So a deployment
that manages its catalog at runtime could not start at all — the file declares
no models, the process refuses for want of anything to serve, and the stored
models it would have loaded are never read. A cluster unmanageable at runtime
because it is managed at runtime.
control.enabled says so outright. AgentListen cannot carry the signal: it has a
default, so every deployment would silently become a control plane.
The inference stays, so nothing already working has to add a flag.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
/admin/mirror, behind the same admin session as the other admin pages. What is
held, what is arriving with its byte count, what failed and why; start a fetch,
retry a failed one, remove a version.
Not mounted at all without a mirror configured. The right page for a deployment
with no mirror is no page, rather than an empty one pointing at nothing.
It reloads itself only while something is downloading. A reload at any other
moment takes with it whatever is half-typed into the fetch form, and there is
nothing to watch when nothing is moving.
A failed row offers Retry, not Remove. A fetch that failed left nothing on disk,
so the remove could only answer "the mirror holds nothing for this" — a button
whose single outcome is a confusing error. Starting the same download again is
what somebody looking at that row wants, and the mirror allows it: only a
download still running is refused.
An unreachable mirror is said outright instead of rendering as an empty table.
The two look nearly identical and mean opposite things: one is a mirror waiting
to be filled, the other is a machine to go and look at.
Dashboard takes NavExtras rather than a second bool. Two adjacent booleans at a
call site get swapped silently and are discovered by somebody clicking the
wrong link.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
"Set up a local mirror" was advice. This is the nginx config, the directory
layout and the reason the layout has a date in it — a repository that changes
upstream changes what you are running, and the first sign is a prompt that
worked last week answering differently this week.
It says what the mirror is not, because both mistakes are easy. It is not a
caching proxy: nothing populates it on demand, deliberately, since a mirror
that reaches the internet at the least convenient moment fails in a way that
looks like llmgw being broken. And it is not needed at all if you already run
a shared filesystem — put the models there, use a path, and nothing is fetched.
It also says when a mirror stops being enough, and that llmgw is positioned to
distribute between nodes because it already knows which of them hold which
weights. That is not built, and the page says so rather than implying it is
coming.
Every behaviour it relies on was checked against the source: an http:// source
is fetched and a path is not, a killed download resumes, a partial file is
never visible under the model's name, and a shared filesystem is not counted
once per node.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Neither had a page. "We have GPUs, now what" was left to the reader, and what
llmgw stores was scattered across four documents and a changelog — which is
the same as not being written down when somebody is doing a security review.
docs/data.md describes the behaviour and leaves the legal mapping to whoever
holds the obligation. Every claim in it was checked against the source, and it
names where to look for each: usage rows carry no text field, keys are stored
hashed, conversations are off until a named project turns them on and cannot be
turned on without a retention window.
It also states the egress exactly, which took reading every outbound call to
say honestly: nothing on the serving path leaves the cluster, and the two
things that can reach outside — fetching weights, and ctl plan reading a model's
architecture — are both started by an operator. Weight fetching points wherever
you tell it, including an internal mirror.
docs/choosing-models.md is the opinion llmgw itself does not have. Three jobs
rather than one model, with the third — embeddings — being the one that gets
forgotten and the one that decides whether the deployment can answer questions
about your company or only questions in general.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The last piece of HA, and it is a deployment pattern rather than code: llmgw
picks one leader and agents follow it, but client traffic arrives in front of
both and llmgw is not in front of anything.
Writing the pattern found a bug in the pattern. The first draft said to
health-check `/health` and claimed a standby still routes to replicas the
leader placed, so sending it traffic was fine. It does not. A standby's
reconciler places nothing and it holds no agent streams to adopt from, so it
publishes an empty endpoint list — a load balancer following that advice would
have sent half the traffic to something that answers every request with 503.
So there is now a `/ready` that means "this process has somewhere to send a
request": 503 on a standby, 503 on a leader whose replicas have all failed,
200 when there is something to serve. `/health` keeps meaning the process is
up, which is a different and less useful question. Both are open, because a
load balancer has no key.
There is a gap during failover where neither passes — three seconds when the
leader stops cleanly, up to the lease TTL when it does not — and the document
says so rather than implying otherwise. Traffic cannot go to a control plane
that has nothing to route to.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
There was no reference. Four narrative documents explain how to install and
operate llmgw, and the only way to learn that `lease_ttl` exists was to read
the one that happened to mention it — or the struct.
Written by hand it would have been wrong within a fortnight. Six settings
arrived in the last two weeks alone: store, servers, lease_ttl, the two
retention windows, min_disk_gb. A reference nobody maintains is worse than
none, because it is the same list with the setting you came to look up quietly
missing from it.
So it is derived from the structs, with the field comments as the descriptions
— which means the only way for it to be wrong is for the code to be wrong, and
it makes the comments worth writing twice over. 1163 lines, 24 blocks, 87 keys.
Two tests keep that true after everyone has forgotten this exists. One
regenerates and compares, so adding a setting without regenerating is a
failure rather than an omission — checked by adding one and watching it fail.
The other walks the tree for koanf tags and fails on a configuration file
that is in neither the source list nor the short list of structs an operator
never writes, because a list is a thing to forget.
The generator finds the repository from its own path rather than the working
directory, so `go generate ./...` produces the same document from anywhere.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The store stops being a file on one machine, which is what stood between this
and more than one control plane.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The section leads with why SQLite is still the default rather than with how to
leave it: one file, no server, and a request path that barely touches it. Two
things change that, and both are recent — conversations and notes read and
write on every turn, and a second control plane is impossible while the store
is a file on one machine.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The gap list said a fetch "reports no progress". It does — the agent logs a
percentage as it downloads, with a comment saying a replica pulling a hundred
gigabytes and one that is wedged look identical from the control plane.
That comment describes the real gap, which is narrower and more useful than
the one written down: the progress exists, it just never leaves the node, so
the operator looking at ctl or the dashboard still cannot tell those two
apart.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Seventeen commits since v0.6.0, and not a phase of the roadmap — which is why
the table leaves the phase column empty rather than inventing one. What landed
is what a cluster needs to be lived with rather than demonstrated: somewhere
to keep a conversation, somewhere to keep a note, and an honest answer about
the disk underneath both.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The section opens on the default rather than on the feature, because the
default is the part someone deploying this needs to be sure of: nothing anyone
types is stored until a project asks, and the command to ask is an act rather
than a setting.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
A command that deletes data needs its limits written down more than its
syntax. The section says plainly that llmgw only takes back files it fetched
itself, and then says the uncomfortable half out loud: that this means it will
not reclaim the storage most likely to be filling your disk, because weights
you placed yourself are yours to remove.
Also records the dash in the DISK column as "not asked" rather than "no
space", which is the reading that matters when a node will not schedule.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
It said "there is no distribution mechanism yet" and then, two paragraphs
later, documented the distribution mechanism. The known-gaps list — the part
someone reads at 2am — still said "no cache, no fetch, no progress". Fetching
landed in this cycle; both sentences were written before it and left standing.
node-onboarding.md carried the same claim.
What is actually still missing is narrower and worth naming precisely: a fetch
reports no progress, so a first start on a large model looks like a hang, and
every node fetches its own copy, so eight nodes on a new model are eight
downloads from one origin.
Also: the dashboard now shows who is using the cluster and what they are
running, which the sentence describing it did not mention; and one sentence
about idle timeouts had lost the words that made it a sentence.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The metrics were exported and the only way to look at them was to stand up
Prometheus beside the binary. For a project whose whole shape is one static
binary with no dependencies, that is the wrong default: the common case is
somebody wanting to know how full their cluster is, and that should not cost
a monitoring stack.
/admin now shows capacity per GPU class with a usage bar, free whole nodes
per fabric — the number that decides whether a replica spanning nodes can
land, since free cards on the wrong fabric are not capacity for a model that
needs this one — and which replicas are holding hardware nobody is asking
for. Nodes gain their memory and how many model files they can see.
Taken from the same Summary that ctl status uses rather than derived in the
page, because two implementations of the same arithmetic drift apart and the
one on the screen is the one people would believe.
A faulty card counts as neither used nor free, matching the scheduler.
Counting it free is how a cluster looks like it has room it does not, and a
page that disagreed with placement about that would be worse than no page.
Prometheus stays supported and is now the answer to a narrower question:
history, alerting, several clusters at once. The dashboard shows what is
true now and keeps nothing, which is the honest division between them.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The metrics existed and nothing could record them. They shared a listener
with pprof, the management API and the dashboard, and pprof can dump the
process heap where API keys sit in plaintext — so a fleet could be monitored
or keep its heap private, and not both. That is not a choice anyone should
have to make, and it is why every previous answer to "how do I scrape this"
was a tunnel.
metrics_listen serves metrics and health and nothing else, so it can be
reached from wherever Prometheus lives. Metrics stay on the admin listener
too: adding a door is not the same as moving one, and anything already
scraping keeps working.
While there: admin_listen defaulted to :9090, every interface, with a
comment beside it saying not to expose it. A default that contradicts its
own documentation is a footgun, so it is loopback now and someone who wants
otherwise says so.
The handler is nil until the registry is built, and says so rather than
serving an empty page. Ordering has already caught this exact area once —
a collector registered after AdminHandler published nothing at all, silently
— and an empty scrape target looks like a working one.
deploy/monitoring/prometheus.yml has a starting configuration and the alerts
worth having: a node that has stopped reporting, a model that should be
serving and is not, a card kept out of placement by a fault, and a fleet
holding models nobody is asking for.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
On-demand loading worked right up to the moment the cluster was full and
then stopped meaning anything: the model somebody had just asked for could
not be placed, and the cards were held by a model nobody had asked for in an
hour. That is the only situation in which any of it matters.
Deliberately narrow. Only idle replicas of other on-demand models — a model
at min 1 is a promise that it stays up, and breaking it to serve a different
request would make every guarantee in the catalog conditional on load. Only
single-node replicas, since evicting a multi-node one frees several machines
and costs tens of minutes to rebuild. One at a time, because freeing
everything that qualifies would empty a cluster for a request that needed
one node. And never a replica with no reported usage: after a router restart
that is all of them, and unknown is not idle.
Writing the test found a gap the feature had rather than a bug in the test.
Two on-demand models on a cluster with room for one would take turns
evicting each other, at a model load per cycle — worse for both than one of
them waiting. A replica is now safe from eviction for a few minutes after it
starts serving, which bounds that.
Which in turn found a latent bug: deriveState stamped ReadyAt with
time.Now() inside a package that has an injectable clock, so the new
lifetime rule could not be tested at all — the fake clock said three minutes
and the wall clock said eight months. Invisible while nothing compared
ReadyAt to anything.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The feature the idle tracking was for. A cluster with more models than GPUs
can now hold every model in its catalog and only the wanted ones in its
cards: min 0 with a max above it means load on demand, and once nobody has
asked for idle_timeout the replicas stop and the cards go back.
No new field, because min 0 max 1 already reads correctly — keep none
running, allow up to one. Which made min 0 max 0 meaningful for the first
time: configured and deliberately not running. normalize() used to fill a
zero max in, on the reasonable ground that a model with no maximum cannot
run; that would now silently turn every switched-off model into an
on-demand one, including the ones already written that way in this
cluster's own configuration. A model with no scaling stanza stays off for
the same reason — defaulting it to on-demand would let any client request
start a 70B nobody intended to run.
The one real decision is what happens to the request that triggers a load.
Refusing makes the feature useless, since the first request for every model
fails; waiting without a bound turns a request into a job, and a client that
budgeted thirty seconds holds a connection for ten minutes. So it waits
briefly and then says what is happening — 503 with Retry-After and "the
model is loading", which is a different answer from "no endpoint serves
this" and produces different client behaviour. An unknown model still gets
the unknown-model error, or on-demand would turn every typo into "loading"
and the useful message would disappear.
Use keeps a model alive rather than only the request that started it,
without which the timer measures time since the load and a busy model is
evicted on schedule however hard it is working.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Three places where the system took the infrastructure's word for something
and would have failed silently on real hardware.
A declared fabric adapter that is not on the node. Fabric membership has to
be configuration — OpenSM's default subnet prefix is identical on every
fabric, so a matching prefix proves nothing — but taking it entirely on
trust was a different mistake. A typo, or a card that enumerated
differently after a reboot, produced NCCL_IB_HCA naming an adapter that
does not exist.
An adapter with no ACTIVE port. Physically linked with no subnet manager
sits in INIT: it looks healthy to anything counting adapters, carries no
data, survives a reboot, and looks like a software problem. Discovery had
recorded port state all along and placement only ever asked whether a
fabric had any adapters listed.
Both end the same way — the replica starts, passes its health checks, and
hangs on its first all-reduce, which is the failure the fabric invariant
exists to prevent arriving through a door nobody was watching. The agent
now compares declared against discovered, where both are visible for the
only time, and does not advertise a fabric that cannot carry traffic. The
reason is logged on the machine that knows it, because the operator who
typed the adapter name is the only person who can fix it. The fabric's rate
is the slowest active link, since a collective runs at the speed of its
slowest.
And NVLink topology, which no published binary could see. NVML is its only
source, the bindings need cgo, and CGO_ENABLED=0 is deliberate so the
portable binary runs on an older libc. The cost was silent: tensor groups
fall back to the lowest free indices, which is right on an SXM board with
NVSwitch and wrong on a PCIe box where bridges pair specific cards — a
group straddling two of them runs several times slower and nothing says so.
Releases now also publish an nvml build for those nodes, and
llmgw_gpu_nvlink_peers makes the difference visible: a flat zero across a
fleet means the topology is unknown rather than absent.
A test that declared mlx5_0 and mlx5_1 on a node whose sysfs held neither
had been passing, because nothing compared the two.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The default arrangement is the simple one: every node keeps its own copy.
So a source naming a remote file is now fetched before the engine is
launched, rather than left to fail as a missing path minutes into a load.
Eight shards of a tensor-parallel replica start at the same instant and
want the same file; they produce one download. An interrupted fetch resumes
instead of starting over, which matters at forty gigabytes, and the
download is written beside its target and renamed only when complete — a
partial file under the model's name would be found by the next scan,
reported as present, and handed to an engine that fails on it.
The exotic arrangements need no code, which is the point. Weights on a
Lustre mount or an image exported over the fabric are simply present, and
present means nothing is fetched. The escape hatch from a distribution
mechanism is a distribution mechanism that checks first.
Wiring it up caught a regression in my own design. A bare model id —
"Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct" — is a documented source that vLLM and SGLang
resolve themselves, and treating every non-remote source as a local path
made every existing vLLM profile fail. Only an absolute or explicitly
relative path is now checked as a file; anything else is passed through
untouched. Three agent tests failed on the same change for a better reason:
they used "/models/x", and the new check is exactly the one that catches
that.
Whole repositories of shards are deliberately not fetched here. vLLM and
SGLang do that well already, and a second snapshot downloader would be work
spent arriving back where we started.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Storage will be different at every installation — Lustre, NFS over RDMA, an
image exported with SRP or NVMe-oF, local NVMe, an rsync — so llmgw observes
it rather than managing it. An agent told which directories to look in
reports what it can see; how the files got there is nobody's business here,
and a node told nothing reports nothing and behaves exactly as every node
did before this existed.
That fact buys two things. Placement prefers a node that already holds the
model over one that must first move tens of gigabytes, as a preference and
never a filter: fetching them is a valid answer, and refusing to place would
turn a slow start into no start at all. And ctl status shows what each
fabric holds.
Per fabric because fabrics are not connected to one another. Weights in
ib-a are not weights in ib-b — the only path between them is the management
network — so a model seeded into one fabric leaves the rest of the cluster
unable to serve it without a slow copy, and nothing said so before now. One
shared filer counts the same as twenty local copies, because "can this
fabric serve it" is the question being asked.
Three distinctions the tests hold to, because each is a way to get this
quietly wrong. A node that was never asked to look must rank with one that
looked and has nothing, or enabling the feature on a single node would
drain every other. An empty directory is not weights, because a
half-finished download looks exactly like one and would send placement to a
node whose engine then fails to load. And local storage is never mistaken
for shared: a filer read as local costs an unnecessary copy, while local
read as shared would have the cluster believe a model is everywhere when it
is on one node.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Written for whoever is standing up the cluster with root on some servers and
nothing installed. Control plane, certificate authority, first node, first
model, first request.
It leads with what llmgw does not install — drivers, CUDA, engines, weights
— because a node missing any of them registers, reports ready, and fails
every replica placed on it, and the reason is three logs away. The useful
order is to make a node able to serve before onboarding it, which is the
opposite of what the tooling's convenience suggests.
The failures it warns about are ones this cluster actually hit: llama-server
present and unable to start for want of libgomp1 while the node reported
healthy; a Proxmox VM on the default kvm64 CPU, where inference is six to
nine times slower and nothing looks broken because every number is simply
small; requests dying at exactly sixty seconds on a liveness timeout that is
a generation budget in disguise for non-streaming calls.
Verified rather than recalled. Every command it prints was checked against
the binary, every config key against the struct tags, and its own
verification and troubleshooting commands were run against the live cluster.
That caught two errors in my draft: the health endpoint is /health and
returns an empty body, not /healthz, and the Go version needed is 1.26.
The known-gaps section is there so a reader finds them on a Tuesday
afternoon rather than at 2am: weights and engines are theirs to distribute,
there is one control plane and no HA, and multi-node replicas have never run
on real InfiniBand — only against simulated hardware.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Proxmox defaults a VM to kvm64, which hides AVX, AVX2, FMA and even SSE4.2
from the guest. llama.cpp then loads libggml-cpu-x64.so — its scalar
baseline — instead of the backend built for the host's instruction set, and
an inference node is not slightly slower but unusable.
Measured on node05, an 8-core VM on a Xeon E5-2680 v4, same weights, same
thread count, the only change being --cpu host:
Qwen2.5-Coder kvm64 host
1.5B q4_K_M 5.80 39.09 tok/s
3B q4_K_M 2.90 20.51
7B q4_K_M 1.33 9.88
Prompt processing went from 7.6 to 143.8, a factor of nineteen.
This cost an afternoon because nothing looks broken. The node registers, the
engine starts, the replies are correct; every number is just small, and the
conclusion that suggests itself is that CPU inference is hopeless rather
than that the VM cannot multiply efficiently. A 14B model at 1.7 tokens a
second was nearly written off on that basis.
The trade is live migration, which a VM pinned to the host CPU cannot do.
For a node whose job is arithmetic that is the right way round, and --cpu
overrides it where it is not.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Building node05 by hand turned up three things worth fixing, in the order
they bit.
Onboarding died on "Host key verification failed" — an error about ssh, in
the middle of a script whose entire job is to talk to a machine created
sixty seconds ago. It now uses accept-new, which learns an unknown host key
and still refuses a changed one; the risk being guarded against is a
substituted machine, not a new one.
Then ssh started refusing connections on a node that had answered a moment
before: cloud-init regenerates the host keys and restarts sshd partway
through a new machine's first minute. The agent was registered and healthy
throughout. Onboarding now waits for ssh rather than failing on it, which
is also what makes running the two halves back to back safe.
Then llama-server: present, executable, and unable to start for want of
libgomp1. The node registered ready and would have stayed ready until a
replica was placed on it and the shard died with a missing shared library
three logs away. The docs already warned about this shape of failure;
nothing checked for it. Onboarding now runs a configured engine and says
plainly when it will not start.
add-node.sh drives both halves. The reason is not keystrokes: the VM name,
the hostname, the node id and the certificate's CN must all be the same
string, and the address appears in three places. Split across two commands
run minutes apart, that agreement is held together by whoever is typing.
Here it is stated once, and the VMID defaults to the last octet of the
address so qm list and ctl nodes stay in the same order. The two halves
remain separately runnable, because needing the hypervisor and needing the
CA really are different access.
Verified by building a throwaway node06 with it: 45 seconds from nothing to
registered, and the engine check caught that node06 had no llama-server.
Destroyed afterwards.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The launch arguments had been read from documentation and never from an
engine. Now they have been:
vllm 0.29.0 --host --port --tensor-parallel-size --served-model-name
--distributed-executor-backend all accepted
llama.cpp b10991 --model --host --port --metrics --alias --parallel
--n-gpu-layers all accepted
Getting there found three faults in the checker rather than in llmgw.
It checked every command's flags against the engine's help, but a shard can be
several programs — vLLM under Ray is `ray start` and then `vllm serve` — and
they have different vocabularies. It reported --head and --num-gpus as
missing, which is true of vllm and irrelevant, because ray is what receives
them. Each command is now checked against its own help, and one that cannot be
run is reported as skipped rather than failed.
vLLM does not give up its whole help for --help: it prints a summary of
section names and expects --help=all. Checked against the summary, all five
flags looked missing. The warning about truncated help did not fire, because
the summary happens to mention --help= while listing how to ask for more.
And vLLM refuses to print anything at all on a machine with no accelerator
unless VLLM_TARGET_DEVICE says what to assume. Asking an engine about its
flags should not require the hardware it runs on.
Two things remain unchecked and are written down as such: the Ray sidecar,
because vLLM 0.29 does not install Ray, and SGLang, because it is not
installed anywhere. `launch_mode: mp` avoids Ray entirely and is worth
preferring until someone checks it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
A release was a git tag. Installing llmgw on a node meant having a Go
toolchain, and the onboarding script copied a binary from wherever it was run —
which works and quietly makes whoever runs it the build server, with the fleet
ending up on whatever was in their working tree. Tags now build static
linux/amd64, linux/arm64 and darwin binaries and attach them. CGO_ENABLED=0 is
the point: it has to run on a node whose libc is older than the builder's, and
llmgw has no C dependency because modernc.org/sqlite is pure Go precisely so
this stays true. Verified: "not a dynamic executable", runs on a node, reports
its version.
`ctl engine-check` closes the other half of the phase 4 gap. llmgw's launch
arguments are read from each engine's documentation, and engines rename flags
between versions; when that happens the failure arrives minutes into a model
load, in the engine's own error message, on a node nobody was watching. It
builds the widest command llmgw would ever produce — multi-node, since a flag
that only appears there is the one nobody notices has gone — and checks each
flag against the engine's own --help. No GPU: a CLI prints its help anywhere.
Verified against llama.cpp b10991, all seven flags accepted.
Flags are matched on a word boundary, so --port is not satisfied by
--port-range. Without that, a renamed flag would sail through the check that
exists to catch renamed flags.
It also warns when the help text looks truncated, which is how the first run
went: llama.cpp's help cut to 400 of its 725 lines reported five flags as
missing that the running cluster uses.
TestSidecarRunsBeforeEngine was flaky under a full run, and worse than flaky —
its wait loop fell through on timeout, so a slow machine turned the ordering
assertion into a no-op and the failure surfaced later as something else. It now
asserts, with a deadline that suits a machine running every other package at
the same time.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Restarting the control plane over a running two-node replica adopted half of
it. Every shard it still had was healthy, so it was reported Ready — with one
shard of two and no endpoint at all, because the missing one was rank 0. The
router was handed a replica nothing could route to.
The cause is that a replica had no idea how many shards it should have. It
could tell "every shard I have is ready" and nothing else, which is the same
sentence whether or not half of it is gone. It now carries the count from its
profile, set at placement and again at adoption, and a replica short of shards
fails rather than pretending.
Onboarding also wrote no engine paths, so a node onboarded by the script could
not find llama-server and failed every shard placed on it with "executable
file not found". The script now takes them, and says so when none are given —
a node with no engine paths can run the sim engine and nothing else.
The cluster now runs both at once: two-node simulated replicas on each fabric,
and real llama.cpp inference on the CPU, which is a better test bed than
either alone.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Phase 4 had been written and never run. The hardware is not coming, so the
cluster is simulated instead — four nodes across two fabrics, eight GPUs each,
built with the onboarding scripts from the previous commit.
`sim` is now an engine adapter, not just a standalone command. Its leader binds
a rendezvous port and does not serve until every worker has joined; its workers
serve nothing at all. That is the part stub processes could never exercise, and
it is why this path survived four phases untested: the command line was
checked, the sequence was not.
Measured on the cluster:
- a 2-node replica on each fabric, node01+node02 on ib-a and node03+node04 on
ib-b, four GPUs from each
- a request served through one of them
- only the leader listening — node02 had no port open at all, which is
ServesHTTP working end to end rather than in a unit test
- node02 killed; at t+60s it was declared lost, the ib-a replica failed and was
reaped; at t+80s a replacement was ready on ib-b, the fabric that could still
host it, while node01 sat idle rather than being paired across fabrics
The invariant held under the one condition that tests it: when a replica could
not be rebuilt where it was, it moved to a fabric that could hold all of it
rather than spanning two.
What this does not prove is written into the plan next to what it does. The
GPUs are an inventory, the fabric is a sysfs-shaped directory, and the engine
speaks no NCCL — so the launch sequence is now exercised while the launch
arguments for vLLM and SGLang are still read from documentation rather than
from a running engine.
docs/node-onboarding.md is the procedure, including how to run all of this on
machines that have neither GPUs nor InfiniBand.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
So someone can try a model without setting up a client, and — more often —
tell whether a problem is the gateway or their code.
The page carries a session, and the server turns that into the identity an API
key would have produced, resolved from the person's project. The request then
goes down the ordinary path by being handed to the same handler /v1 uses:
admission, model allowlist, rate limits, budget, accounting. There is exactly
one request path, so there is no second place for its rules to drift — and
without that, a playground is a hole in every limit the rest of the gateway
enforces. The allowlist test posts a forbidden model and expects 403 for that
reason.
The body is rebuilt rather than forwarded, so the page cannot set fields it has
no business setting: a stream:false that would hang the reader, a max_tokens
large enough to occupy a replica for an hour. One turn is capped at 512 tokens.
The picker offers what is actually served and allowed, not what is catalogued,
because offering a model with no replica produces a 503 the reader cannot
interpret.
Inline vanilla JavaScript, for the same reason the charts are hand-drawn SVG.
It streams, because on CPU inference ten seconds is normal and a chat that
hangs and then dumps a paragraph feels broken. Replies are written with
textContent throughout: model output and user input have no business being
parsed as markup. Its POSTs carry the CSRF token in a header, which a
cross-site form cannot set at all.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Two things the dashboard was missing: it could not act, and it was a column of
numbers.
Account administration moves to /admin/users — approving into a project,
suspending, reinstating. That is the work an operator does constantly and it
should not need a terminal. Three things stay on the CLI, and the line is not
arbitrary: promoting someone to admin, resetting a password, and issuing a key
on another person's behalf each turn a stolen admin session into more than it
was — permanent access, or somebody else's account. Approving and suspending
do not. Suspending signs the account out everywhere, or suspension is advisory
until the session happens to expire, and an admin cannot suspend themselves,
which is not a thing an interface should let you do by misclicking.
The charts are inline SVG generated in Go. A charting library would mean a
JavaScript toolchain in CI and a megabyte of bundle for what is a list of
rectangles, and the single-binary goal rules that out. Hourly over a day: fine
enough to show a working day, coarse enough that one slow minute is not an
incident. Empty hours are filled in, because a chart with hours missing where
nothing happened reads as a chart with hours missing from the data.
The SVG is marked as trusted HTML, so everything that reaches it is either a
number this package computed or escaped explicitly, and a bar's colour can only
be one of four names — a colour that could be anything is a way to write CSS
into every page the chart appears on. There are tests for both.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Reaching it meant an SSH tunnel, because the page lived on the admin listener
and that listener is bound to loopback. Opening the port was never the way to
fix that: it also serves pprof, and pprof can dump the process heap, where
every API key sits in plaintext. Exposing the port would have been exposing
the key store.
So the page moves rather than the port. The same dashboard is now mounted at
/admin on the client-facing port, behind the session and CSRF machinery that
already guards /profile, gated on a flag on the account. The admin listener
keeps pprof and metrics and stays on loopback.
One bit, not a role system: it grants looking. Everything that changes the
cluster or issues a credential stays on the CLI, where it needs a shell rather
than a session — which keeps the worst case of a stolen admin cookie to "saw
the cluster" rather than "drained your fleet".
Someone without the flag gets 404, not 403. A 403 confirms the page is there
and that admin accounts exist here, which is free reconnaissance; 404 is what
every other unknown path returns. The profile page does not show a link to a
door the visitor cannot open.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The account system shipped without either, which made the first forgotten
password an unanswerable support request.
Changing it requires the current one. A session is what an attacker gets from
a borrowed laptop or a stolen cookie; the password is what they do not have,
and without the check the first thing they would do is take the account.
Every session is closed, including the browser doing the changing — leaving
the others open would mean a password change does nothing about the reason
someone is changing it. A new session is then opened for the browser in front
of us, so the person who just proved their password is not thrown back to the
sign-in page. That response also carries a new CSRF cookie, so the forms it
renders take the new token rather than the one the request arrived with; there
is a test that posts a form from that exact page.
Guessing the current password is bounded the same way sign-in is, because
someone holding a stolen session should not get unlimited attempts at the
password that would let them keep it.
There is no self-service reset: this gateway sends no email, and a reset link
with nowhere to send it is not a reset. `llmgw users reset-password` is the
operator's answer, and it closes their sessions too — if someone lost their
password, the reason might be that somebody else has it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Every key needed an operator with a shell. This adds the login system that
made that necessary, which is the thing I argued against building until it was
asked for — so it is built as if it will be attacked, because a public login
form is.
Signing up produces an account that can do nothing. Approval is what makes it
work and stays on the CLI: having a shell on the control plane is what makes
someone an administrator, and that is a smaller thing to get right than roles
and an admin UI that mints credentials.
The details that matter:
Passwords are argon2id, where a slow hash is correct — the input is chosen by
a human and has a dictionary, which is the opposite of an API key. Both kinds
of authentication now live in this codebase and they are in separate packages
so neither set of assumptions leaks into the other. Length is the only rule:
composition rules push people towards Password1! and cost more entropy than
they buy.
Signup never says whether an address already has an account, and sign-in
answers the same way for a wrong password and a missing account — verifying
against a dummy hash when there is no user, so a stopwatch cannot enumerate
accounts. Account state is checked after the password, not before, so guessing
an address reveals nothing about it. Guessing is bounded per address rather
than per IP: an attacker has many addresses to come from and one to guess
against, and limiting by IP locks out an office behind one NAT.
Sessions are server-side, so signing out and suspending take effect
immediately rather than whenever a token expires; suspension is checked in the
same query that resolves the session, because a second round trip is a check
somebody eventually forgets. Every state-changing form carries a CSRF token
verified against a hash in the session — a cookie authenticates the browser,
not the page that asked.
Key ownership is enforced in the UPDATE rather than by reading first, so a
guessed key id from another account changes nothing.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The page explained the API, said keys come from an operator, and left the
reader there. Someone who reaches the address without a key had no route to
getting one, which is where onboarding stopped.
`landing.contact` is that route, because the gateway cannot guess who to ask.
An address becomes a mailto link, an http(s) URL stays a link, and anything
else — a channel, a queue, a person — is shown as text. Other schemes are
never linked: this string comes from configuration, configuration is not
always written by whoever runs the gateway, and a javascript: href on a page
served to every visitor is a short path to a stored XSS. Escaping the text
does not make a scheme safe.
Unconfigured, it now says something rather than nothing, and the page explains
that a key arrives as a one-time link so the reader knows what to expect
before it lands.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Issuing a key worked; getting it to the person it was issued for did not. The
operator had a secret on their terminal and no way to send it that did not
leave a bearer credential in a chat log forever.
`keys create --claim` prints a link instead. GET shows a button and consumes
nothing; POST reveals the key and burns the link. That split is not politeness
— chat clients, mail scanners and link previewers fetch URLs the moment they
are posted, so a GET that consumed the claim would mean the first thing to
unfurl the link destroys the key before anyone reads it.
A pending claim has to hold the key somewhere, which would otherwise put a
working credential in the database and undo what hashing bought. So the key is
sealed with a key derived from the link's own token, and the token is never
stored — only its hash. A database leak yields two useless hashes and a blob
nothing in the database can open. HKDF rather than the raw token, so the value
used for lookup can never become the value that decrypts.
Consuming is one UPDATE moving claimed_at off NULL, so two people opening the
same link produce one key rather than two copies. A used link, an expired one
and a token that was never real all render identically, because saying which
confirms that a token was once valid. The page is no-store, no-referrer and
noindex: the URL is itself the credential.
`GET /me` reports a key's own limits and spend, so nobody has to ask an
operator to read a dashboard they cannot reach. Outside /v1, because it is not
part of the OpenAI API.
docs/onboarding.md is written for whoever operates this, including the parts
that are deliberately absent — no self-service, no SSO, and why.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
