llmgw/deploy/ha

Two control planes

llmgw handles the hard half of this itself: only one control plane places work, and agents find whichever one is leading. What it does not do is move client traffic, because that happens in front of both and llmgw is not in front of anything.

This directory is the missing half. It is a pattern rather than a product: substitute your own load balancer if you have one.

What llmgw does on its own

One leader. Leadership is a lease in the shared store. A second control plane starts, sees the lease, and stands by — it places nothing, evicts nothing and drains nothing. Start one by accident and your cluster is unharmed.

Agents follow. A standby refuses agent streams, so agents move to the leader by themselves. Give each agent both addresses:

servers:
  - "https://ctl-1.internal:7443"
  - "https://ctl-2.internal:7443"

Measured on a cluster: leadership moved three seconds after the leader was stopped, every agent had arrived six seconds later, and every replica was adopted rather than restarted — the engines never stopped serving.

What it does not do

Client traffic. During that same failover the standby served inference correctly on its own port while the public address returned 502, because nothing in front of the two had moved.

So something has to. The options, in the order most people should consider them:

A load balancer you already run. Health-check /ready on each control plane and send traffic to whichever answers. This is the right answer if you have one, and it needs nothing else from this directory.

A floating address. keepalived.conf.example here moves one IP between the two machines. Fewer moving parts than a load balancer and no extra hop, at the cost of one machine carrying all the traffic.

DNS. Works, eventually. A record with a short TTL is a failover measured in whatever your resolvers actually honour rather than what you set, which on a bad day is minutes. Fine for a cluster people use interactively, wrong for one an agent is driving.

Check /ready, not /health

This is the one thing to get right, and the obvious choice is the wrong one.

/health says the process is up. It says nothing about whether it can serve, and a standby is exactly that case: alive, answering, and holding no endpoints at all — its reconciler placed nothing and it has no agent streams to adopt from. A load balancer checking /health would send it half the traffic, and half the traffic would be a 503.

/ready says this process has somewhere to send a request. It is 503 on a standby, 503 on a leader whose replicas have all failed, and 200 when there is something to serve — which is the question a load balancer is actually asking. Both are open, because a load balancer has no key.

During a failover neither passes for about the length of the lease handover: three seconds when the leader is stopped cleanly, up to the lease TTL when it is not. That gap is real and there is no way to have it both ways — traffic cannot go to a control plane that has nothing to route to.

Not the admin port, for a different reason: it serves pprof, and pprof can dump the process heap, where API keys sit in plaintext.

Both control planes need the same store

Leadership lives in it, and so do keys, budgets and conversations. Two control planes on two SQLite files are two clusters that happen to share a name.

auth:
  store: "@/etc/llmgw/secrets/store-dsn"

See docs/install.md for moving an existing installation onto PostgreSQL without reissuing every key.

The store itself: PostgreSQL under Patroni

Two control planes on one PostgreSQL have moved the single point of failure, not removed it. Patroni keeps PostgreSQL on two machines, one streaming to the other, and promotes the standby when the primary is lost. It keeps its leader lock in etcd, and etcd decides only with a majority — so three members, not two: two machines that lose sight of each other must not both decide they are the primary. The third member can be any machine that is up; it holds a vote, not data.

On the reference cluster:

machine	etcd	PostgreSQL
llmgw-ctl (control plane)	member	—
llmgw-pg01	member	Patroni
llmgw-ctl02 (second control plane)	member	Patroni

etcd.default.example is one member's /etc/default/etcd (Ubuntu's etcd-server), and patroni.yml.example one node's /etc/patroni/config.yml (Ubuntu's patroni); the other node differs in name and its addresses. Start Patroni on the first node, which initialises the cluster, then on the second, which clones it. Create the llmgw role and database on the leader, and move an existing store into it with pg_dump --no-owner and pg_restore --no-owner.

Give llmgw every member, and ask for the writable one:

postgres://llmgw:…@10.0.0.149:5432,10.0.0.150:5432/llmgw?sslmode=disable&target_session_attrs=read-write

The driver connects to whichever member accepts writes, and reconnects to the new one after a failover. No floating address or HAProxy is needed for that. llmgw server backup reads the same address and dumps from a standby when there is one.

Measured on the reference cluster, with the gateway serving throughout:

• Planned switchover (patronictl switchover): the control plane logged one failed lease renewal, reconnected to the new primary, and kept its leadership; nothing else noticed.
• The primary's machine switched off: the standby was promoted 24 seconds later — the 30-second TTL in patroni.yml — and the control plane rode it out without losing leadership or a replica. Started again, the old primary rejoined as a standby by itself.

Not done here, and worth doing in production: a watchdog (softdog) so a primary that has lost the lock but not died cannot keep accepting writes, TLS on etcd and between PostgreSQL members, and more than one standby.