llmgw/internal/control/placement/placement_test.go

package placement

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand/v2"
	"slices"
	"strings"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gitea.mynodes.xyz/ilker/llmgw/internal/agent/discovery"
	"gitea.mynodes.xyz/ilker/llmgw/internal/control/inventory"
)

// node builds a node with n GPUs of one class.
func node(id string, class string, n int, fabrics ...string) inventory.Node {
	name, mem := classToHardware(class)

	nd := inventory.Node{ID: id, State: inventory.Ready}
	for i := range n {
		nd.GPUs = append(nd.GPUs, discovery.GPU{
			Index: i, Name: name, MemoryTotalMB: mem, ComputeCapability: "9.0",
			UUID: fmt.Sprintf("GPU-%s-%d", id, i),
		})
	}
	for _, f := range fabrics {
		nd.Fabrics = append(nd.Fabrics, inventory.FabricAttachment{
			Fabric: f, HCAs: []string{"mlx5_0", "mlx5_1"}, RateGbps: 200,
		})
	}
	return nd
}

// classToHardware maps a class back to a name and size that derive it.
func classToHardware(class string) (string, int) {
	switch class {
	case "h100-80g":
		return "NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3", 81559
	case "a100-40g":
		return "Tesla A100-SXM4-40GB", 40960
	default:
		return "NVIDIA L40S", 46068
	}
}

func store(nodes ...inventory.Node) *inventory.Store {
	s := inventory.NewStore()
	for _, n := range nodes {
		s.Upsert(n)
	}
	return s
}

func TestSingleNodePlacement(t *testing.T) {
	s := New(store(node("n1", "h100-80g", 8)))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp4", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if len(res.Placement.Nodes) != 1 {
		t.Fatalf("expected 1 node, got %d", len(res.Placement.Nodes))
	}
	if got := len(res.Placement.Nodes[0].GPUIndices); got != 4 {
		t.Errorf("got %d GPUs, want 4", got)
	}
	if res.Placement.Fabric != "" {
		t.Errorf("a single-node replica was given fabric %q", res.Placement.Fabric)
	}
}

func TestNodeWithoutFabricTakesSingleNodeWork(t *testing.T) {
	// A single-node replica talks to nobody, so it has nothing to be reachable
	// over. Excluding fabric-less nodes here would waste them entirely.
	s := New(store(node("no-ib", "h100-80g", 8)))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp8", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("a node without IB was refused single-node work:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestNodeWithoutFabricRefusedMultiNode(t *testing.T) {
	s := New(store(
		node("no-ib-1", "h100-80g", 8),
		node("no-ib-2", "h100-80g", 8),
	))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "2node", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("a multi-node replica was placed on nodes with no fabric")
	}
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "no node reports a fabric") {
		t.Errorf("the reason is unclear:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

// TestNeverSpansTwoFabrics is the first hard invariant from plan §1.1.
func TestNeverSpansTwoFabrics(t *testing.T) {
	// Two fabrics, one node each: together they would satisfy the count, and a
	// scheduler that only counted nodes would happily combine them.
	s := New(store(
		node("a1", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"),
		node("b1", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-b"),
	))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "2node", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		var fabrics []string
		for _, n := range res.Placement.Nodes {
			fabrics = append(fabrics, n.NodeID)
		}
		t.Fatalf("a replica was spread across fabrics: %v", fabrics)
	}
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "only 1 qualify") {
		t.Errorf("explanation should say each fabric was short of nodes:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestMultiNodeWithinOneFabric(t *testing.T) {
	s := New(store(
		node("a1", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"),
		node("a2", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"),
		node("b1", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-b"),
	))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "2node", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if res.Placement.Fabric != "ib-a" {
		t.Errorf("fabric=%q, only ib-a has two nodes", res.Placement.Fabric)
	}
	for _, n := range res.Placement.Nodes {
		if n.NodeID == "b1" {
			t.Error("a node from the other fabric was included")
		}
		if len(n.HCAs) == 0 {
			t.Errorf("node %s got no HCAs; NCCL would pick its own", n.NodeID)
		}
	}
	// Ranks must be assigned, since rank 0 serves HTTP.
	ranks := []int{res.Placement.Nodes[0].Rank, res.Placement.Nodes[1].Rank}
	slices.Sort(ranks)
	if ranks[0] != 0 || ranks[1] != 1 {
		t.Errorf("ranks=%v", ranks)
	}
}

// TestNeverMixesGPUClasses is the second hard invariant from plan §1.1.
func TestNeverMixesGPUClasses(t *testing.T) {
	// Enough GPUs in total, but split across classes.
	n := node("mixed", "h100-80g", 4)
	a100Name, a100Mem := classToHardware("a100-40g")
	for i := 4; i < 8; i++ {
		n.GPUs = append(n.GPUs, discovery.GPU{Index: i, Name: a100Name, MemoryTotalMB: a100Mem})
	}
	s := New(store(n))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp8", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("a placement used GPUs of more than one class")
	}
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "has 4 free h100-80g GPUs, needs 8") {
		t.Errorf("explanation should count only the matching class:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}

	// The 4-GPU profile does fit, using only H100s.
	res = s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp4", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("the matching-class profile was refused:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	for _, idx := range res.Placement.Nodes[0].GPUIndices {
		if idx >= 4 {
			t.Errorf("GPU %d is an A100 and was included in an h100 placement", idx)
		}
	}
}

func TestProfilePriorityOrder(t *testing.T) {
	s := New(store(
		node("h", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"),
		node("a", "a100-40g", 8, "ib-a"),
	))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{
		{Name: "a100", GPUClass: "a100-40g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 1, Priority: 50},
		{Name: "h100", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 1, Priority: 100},
	}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if res.Placement.Profile.Name != "h100" {
		t.Errorf("chose %q; the higher-priority profile fits", res.Placement.Profile.Name)
	}
}

func TestFallsBackToLowerPriorityProfile(t *testing.T) {
	s := New(store(node("a", "a100-40g", 8)))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{
		{Name: "h100", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 1, Priority: 100},
		{Name: "a100", GPUClass: "a100-40g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 1, Priority: 50},
	}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if res.Placement.Profile.Name != "a100" {
		t.Errorf("chose %q", res.Placement.Profile.Name)
	}
	// The rejected first choice must still be explained.
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "h100") {
		t.Errorf("the higher-priority profile's rejection is missing:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestCordonedNodeExcluded(t *testing.T) {
	st := store(node("n1", "h100-80g", 8))
	st.SetState("n1", inventory.Cordoned)
	s := New(st)

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp4", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("a cordoned node was used")
	}
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "cordoned") {
		t.Errorf("explanation:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestUnhealthyGPUsExcluded(t *testing.T) {
	n := node("n1", "h100-80g", 8)
	n.GPUs[0].Health.Problems = []string{"12 uncorrected ECC errors"}
	n.GPUs[1].Health.Problems = []string{"40000 MiB already allocated by another process"}
	s := New(store(n))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp8", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("unhealthy GPUs were counted as available")
	}

	res = s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp6", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 6, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("the six healthy GPUs should have been usable:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	for _, idx := range res.Placement.Nodes[0].GPUIndices {
		if idx == 0 || idx == 1 {
			t.Errorf("unhealthy GPU %d was placed on", idx)
		}
	}
}

func TestAllocatedGPUsExcluded(t *testing.T) {
	st := store(node("n1", "h100-80g", 8))
	st.Allocate("n1", inventory.Allocation{ShardID: "s1", ReplicaID: "r1", GPUIndices: []int{0, 1, 2, 3}})
	s := New(st)

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp4", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("the remaining four GPUs should fit:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	for _, idx := range res.Placement.Nodes[0].GPUIndices {
		if idx < 4 {
			t.Errorf("GPU %d is already allocated", idx)
		}
	}

	// Another four will not fit.
	st.Allocate("n1", inventory.Allocation{ShardID: "s2", ReplicaID: "r2", GPUIndices: []int{4, 5, 6, 7}})
	if res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp4", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 1}}, nil); res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("a full node was placed on")
	}
}

func TestAvoidSpreadsAcrossNodes(t *testing.T) {
	s := New(store(
		node("n1", "h100-80g", 8),
		node("n2", "h100-80g", 8),
	))
	p := []Profile{{Name: "tp4", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 1}}

	first := s.Place(p, nil)
	if first.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatal("no first placement")
	}
	placed := first.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID

	second := s.Place(p, []string{placed})
	if second.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("the second replica had nowhere to go:\n%s", second.Explain())
	}
	if second.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID == placed {
		t.Error("both replicas landed on the same node despite avoid")
	}
}

func TestBinPackingPrefersPartlyUsedNodes(t *testing.T) {
	// Keeping whole nodes free matters: a large model that needs all 8 GPUs
	// cannot be split, so scattering small replicas would strand it.
	st := store(
		node("empty", "h100-80g", 8),
		node("partial", "h100-80g", 8),
	)
	st.Allocate("partial", inventory.Allocation{ShardID: "s1", ReplicaID: "r1", GPUIndices: []int{0, 1, 2, 3}})
	s := New(st)

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp4", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if got := res.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID; got != "partial" {
		t.Errorf("placed on %q; the partly used node should be filled first", got)
	}
}

func TestNVLinkGroupPreferred(t *testing.T) {
	// GPUs 0-3 and 4-7 form separate NVLink domains. A TP group crossing them
	// falls back to PCIe for its all-reduces and runs several times slower.
	n := node("n1", "h100-80g", 8)
	for i := range n.GPUs {
		var peers []int
		base := (i / 4) * 4
		for j := base; j < base+4; j++ {
			if j != i {
				peers = append(peers, j)
			}
		}
		n.GPUs[i].NVLinkPeers = peers
	}
	st := store(n)
	// Take GPU 0, so a naive "lowest indices" pick would span the two domains.
	st.Allocate("n1", inventory.Allocation{ShardID: "s1", ReplicaID: "r1", GPUIndices: []int{0}})
	s := New(st)

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp4", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	got := res.Placement.Nodes[0].GPUIndices
	if !slices.Equal(got, []int{4, 5, 6, 7}) {
		t.Errorf("chose %v; 4-7 is the only intact NVLink domain left", got)
	}
}

func TestExplainIsUsefulWhenNothingFits(t *testing.T) {
	s := New(store(node("n1", "a100-40g", 2)))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp8", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("unexpected placement")
	}
	exp := res.Explain()
	// It must name the node, the profile, and what was actually wrong.
	for _, want := range []string{"n1", "tp8", "free h100-80g"} {
		if !strings.Contains(exp, want) {
			t.Errorf("explanation is missing %q:\n%s", want, exp)
		}
	}
}

func TestEmptyInventory(t *testing.T) {
	s := New(inventory.NewStore())
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp4", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("something was placed on an empty cluster")
	}
}

// --- property-based invariants (plan §13) ---

// TestInvariantsHold generates random clusters and profiles and checks the two
// hard constraints on every placement produced.
//
// The table-driven tests above cover the cases someone thought of; this covers
// the ones nobody did.
func TestInvariantsHold(t *testing.T) {
	rng := rand.New(rand.NewPCG(1, 2))
	classes := []string{"h100-80g", "a100-40g", "l40s-45g"}
	fabrics := []string{"ib-a", "ib-b", "ib-c"}

	for iter := range 400 {
		st := inventory.NewStore()
		nodeCount := 1 + rng.IntN(6)

		for i := range nodeCount {
			class := classes[rng.IntN(len(classes))]
			gpuCount := 1 + rng.IntN(8)

			var nf []string
			switch rng.IntN(4) {
			case 0: // no fabric at all
			case 1:
				nf = []string{fabrics[rng.IntN(len(fabrics))]}
			default:
				nf = []string{fabrics[rng.IntN(len(fabrics))]}
				if rng.IntN(3) == 0 {
					// A node attached to two fabrics: allowed, and the reason
					// HCAs must be selected per fabric rather than per node.
					nf = append(nf, fabrics[rng.IntN(len(fabrics))])
				}
			}
			n := node(fmt.Sprintf("n%d", i), class, gpuCount, nf...)
			if rng.IntN(8) == 0 {
				n.State = inventory.Cordoned
			}
			st.Upsert(n)
		}

		s := New(st)
		p := Profile{
			Name:        "gen",
			GPUClass:    classes[rng.IntN(len(classes))],
			GPUsPerNode: 1 + rng.IntN(8),
			Nodes:       1 + rng.IntN(3),
		}
		res := s.Place([]Profile{p}, nil)
		if res.Placement == nil {
			continue
		}
		checkInvariants(t, st, p, res.Placement, iter)
	}
}

func checkInvariants(t *testing.T, st *inventory.Store, p Profile, pl *Placement, iter int) {
	t.Helper()

	if len(pl.Nodes) != max(p.Nodes, 1) {
		t.Fatalf("iter %d: placed on %d nodes, profile wants %d", iter, len(pl.Nodes), p.Nodes)
	}

	seenNodes := map[string]struct{}{}
	for _, a := range pl.Nodes {
		if _, dup := seenNodes[a.NodeID]; dup {
			t.Fatalf("iter %d: node %s used twice in one replica", iter, a.NodeID)
		}
		seenNodes[a.NodeID] = struct{}{}

		n, ok := st.Get(a.NodeID)
		if !ok {
			t.Fatalf("iter %d: placed on unknown node %s", iter, a.NodeID)
		}
		if !n.State.Schedulable() {
			t.Fatalf("iter %d: placed on a %s node", iter, n.State)
		}
		if len(a.GPUIndices) != p.GPUsPerNode {
			t.Fatalf("iter %d: node %s got %d GPUs, wants %d", iter, a.NodeID, len(a.GPUIndices), p.GPUsPerNode)
		}

		// Invariant: every GPU is of the profile's class, healthy, and real.
		byIndex := map[int]discovery.GPU{}
		for _, g := range n.GPUs {
			byIndex[g.Index] = g
		}
		for _, idx := range a.GPUIndices {
			g, ok := byIndex[idx]
			if !ok {
				t.Fatalf("iter %d: node %s has no GPU %d", iter, a.NodeID, idx)
			}
			if g.Class() != p.GPUClass {
				t.Fatalf("iter %d: GPU %d on %s is %s, profile wants %s",
					iter, idx, a.NodeID, g.Class(), p.GPUClass)
			}
			if !g.Health.OK() {
				t.Fatalf("iter %d: unhealthy GPU %d was placed on", iter, idx)
			}
		}

		// Invariant: a multi-node replica lives on one fabric, and each shard
		// gets only that fabric's adapters.
		if p.Nodes > 1 {
			if pl.Fabric == "" {
				t.Fatalf("iter %d: multi-node placement with no fabric", iter)
			}
			if !n.HasFabric(pl.Fabric) {
				t.Fatalf("iter %d: node %s is not attached to %s", iter, a.NodeID, pl.Fabric)
			}
			want := n.HCAsFor(pl.Fabric)
			if !slices.Equal(a.HCAs, want) {
				t.Fatalf("iter %d: node %s got HCAs %v, want exactly %v for %s",
					iter, a.NodeID, a.HCAs, want, pl.Fabric)
			}
		}
	}
}

func TestNodeSelectorKeepsAProfileOffTheWrongNodes(t *testing.T) {
	// A CPU profile fits everywhere, because there is no card to be free. That
	// is right for a 0.5B model and wrong for a 14B one: the small nodes have
	// 8 GB of RAM and the model needs 24, and nothing in the inventory says so.
	small := node("small", "", 0)
	small.Labels = map[string]string{"ram": "8g"}
	big := node("big", "", 0)
	big.Labels = map[string]string{"ram": "32g"}

	s := New(store(small, big))
	p := Profile{Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp", NodeSelector: map[string]string{"ram": "32g"}}

	res := s.Place([]Profile{p}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("nothing was placed:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if got := res.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID; got != "big" {
		t.Fatalf("placed on %q; only the labelled node can hold this model", got)
	}
}

func TestAnUnsatisfiableSelectorSaysWhichLabelIsMissing(t *testing.T) {
	// "no candidates were considered" is not something an operator can act on.
	small := node("small", "", 0)
	small.Labels = map[string]string{"ram": "8g"}

	s := New(store(small))
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{
		Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp", NodeSelector: map[string]string{"ram": "32g"},
	}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("placed on a node that does not carry the label")
	}
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "ram=32g") {
		t.Errorf("the rejection does not name the missing label:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestAnEmptySelectorConstrainsNothing(t *testing.T) {
	// Every existing profile has no selector, and must keep fitting everywhere.
	s := New(store(node("plain", "", 0)))
	if res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp"}}, nil); res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("a profile with no selector was rejected:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestAProfileIsNotPlacedOnANodeTooSmallForIt(t *testing.T) {
	// The failure this prevents: a CPU profile has no card to be free, so every
	// ready node is a candidate. Qwen2.5-Coder 14B has a working set around
	// 24 GB and the small nodes here have 8, and the node reports itself
	// perfectly healthy right up until the OOM killer arrives.
	small := node("small", "", 0)
	small.MemoryTotalMB = 8 * 1024
	big := node("big", "", 0)
	big.MemoryTotalMB = 32 * 1024

	s := New(store(small, big))
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp", MinMemoryGB: 24}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("nothing was placed:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if got := res.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID; got != "big" {
		t.Fatalf("placed on %q, which cannot hold the model", got)
	}
}

func TestTheRejectionSaysHowMuchMemoryIsMissing(t *testing.T) {
	small := node("small", "", 0)
	small.MemoryTotalMB = 8 * 1024

	s := New(store(small))
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp", MinMemoryGB: 24}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("placed on a node with too little memory")
	}
	if e := res.Explain(); !strings.Contains(e, "8 GB") || !strings.Contains(e, "24") {
		t.Errorf("the rejection does not say what was short:\n%s", e)
	}
}

func TestANodeThatDoesNotReportMemoryIsStillUsable(t *testing.T) {
	// An agent older than the field reports nothing. Excluding those would let
	// a control plane upgrade quietly empty half a fleet, which is worse than
	// the failure the check prevents.
	old := node("old", "", 0) // MemoryTotalMB left at zero
	s := New(store(old))
	if res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp", MinMemoryGB: 24}}, nil); res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("a node that reports no memory was excluded:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestAProfileWithNoMemoryRequirementFitsAnywhere(t *testing.T) {
	// Every profile that exists today.
	small := node("small", "", 0)
	small.MemoryTotalMB = 1024
	s := New(store(small))
	if res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp"}}, nil); res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("an unconstrained profile was rejected:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func nodeWithWeights(id string, gpus int, paths ...string) inventory.Node {
	n := node(id, "h100-80g", gpus)
	for _, p := range paths {
		n.Weights = append(n.Weights, discovery.LocalWeights{Path: p, SizeBytes: 1 << 30})
	}
	return n
}

func TestPlacementPrefersANodeThatAlreadyHasTheWeights(t *testing.T) {
	// With isolated fabrics the difference between placing where the weights
	// are and placing where they are not is a cross-fabric copy of tens of
	// gigabytes over the management network.
	const src = "/models/llama.gguf"
	without := nodeWithWeights("empty", 8, "/models/something-else.gguf")
	with := nodeWithWeights("holds-it", 8, src)

	s := New(store(without, with))
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{
		Name: "tp1", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1, Source: src,
	}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("nothing was placed:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if got := res.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID; got != "holds-it" {
		t.Errorf("placed on %q; the other node already has the weights", got)
	}
}

func TestANodeWithoutTheWeightsIsStillEligible(t *testing.T) {
	// Fetching them is a valid answer. Refusing to place would turn a slow
	// start into no start at all, which is a worse cluster than a slow one.
	const src = "/models/llama.gguf"
	only := nodeWithWeights("no-weights", 8, "/models/other.gguf")

	s := New(store(only))
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{
		Name: "tp1", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1, Source: src,
	}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Errorf("a node without the weights was excluded:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestANodeThatWasNeverAskedIsNotPunished(t *testing.T) {
	// What keeps the whole feature optional. A node with no model directories
	// configured reports nothing, and that must rank with "looked and has
	// none" rather than below it — otherwise enabling the feature on one node
	// would quietly drain every other.
	const src = "/models/llama.gguf"
	silent := node("never-asked", "h100-80g", 8) // reports no weights at all
	looked := nodeWithWeights("looked", 8, "/models/other.gguf")

	s := New(store(silent, looked))
	for range 4 {
		res := s.Place([]Profile{{
			Name: "tp1", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1, Source: src,
		}}, nil)
		if res.Placement == nil {
			t.Fatalf("nothing placed:\n%s", res.Explain())
		}
	}
	// Both remain candidates; neither is preferred on weights, so the ordinary
	// rules decide and nothing errors.
}

func TestWeightsDoNotOverrideHardConstraints(t *testing.T) {
	// A preference, never a filter. The node holding the weights here is the
	// wrong GPU class, and choosing it would produce a replica that cannot run.
	const src = "/models/llama.gguf"
	wrongClass := node("wrong", "a100-40g", 8)
	wrongClass.Weights = []discovery.LocalWeights{{Path: src}}
	right := node("right", "h100-80g", 8)

	s := New(store(wrongClass, right))
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{
		Name: "tp1", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1, Source: src,
	}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("nothing placed:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if got := res.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID; got != "right" {
		t.Errorf("placed on %q, which is the wrong GPU class", got)
	}
}

func TestAProfileWithNoSourceIsUnaffected(t *testing.T) {
	// Every profile before this existed.
	a := nodeWithWeights("a", 8, "/models/x.gguf")
	b := node("b", "h100-80g", 8)
	s := New(store(a, b))
	if res := s.Place([]Profile{{
		Name: "tp1", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1,
	}}, nil); res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("nothing placed:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

// withEngines is a node that reports which engines it has.
func withEngines(id string, gpus int, names ...string) inventory.Node {
	n := node(id, "h100-80g", gpus)
	n.EngineVersions = map[string]string{}
	for _, name := range names {
		n.EngineVersions[name] = "unknown"
	}
	return n
}

func TestAReplicaIsNotPlacedOnANodeWithoutItsEngine(t *testing.T) {
	// The engine has been on the Profile struct since placement was written
	// and was never read, so a node with no vLLM was as good a candidate as
	// one with it: the replica was placed, the node registered healthy, and
	// the shard failed minutes later with "executable file not found".
	s := New(store(withEngines("no-vllm", 8, "llamacpp"), withEngines("has-vllm", 8, "vllm")))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{
		Name: "tp1", Engine: "vllm", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1,
	}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("nothing was placed:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if got := res.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID; got != "has-vllm" {
		t.Errorf("placed on %q, which does not have vllm", got)
	}
}

func TestAModelWithNoNodeRunningItsEngineSaysSo(t *testing.T) {
	s := New(store(withEngines("cpu-only", 8, "llamacpp")))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{
		Name: "tp1", Engine: "vllm", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1,
	}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("a model whose engine is installed nowhere should not be placed")
	}
	// The reason belongs in explain-placement, or the answer to "why is this
	// not running" is a retry loop in the log.
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "does not have vllm installed") {
		t.Errorf("the rejection should name the engine:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestANodeThatReportsNoEnginesIsStillEligible(t *testing.T) {
	// Every agent older than the probe reports nothing. Excluding those would
	// empty a fleet on a control plane upgrade, which is a worse failure than
	// the one being fixed.
	old := node("older-agent", "h100-80g", 8)

	s := New(store(old))
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{
		Name: "tp1", Engine: "vllm", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1,
	}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Errorf("an agent that says nothing must not be excluded:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestASecondLargeModelDoesNotLandOnAFullNode(t *testing.T) {
	// 31 GB with 20 already claimed. Compared against the total it was placed
	// anyway: each model was asked about on its own and the machine was asked
	// nothing at all, so the second one is what the kernel kills.
	big := inventory.Node{ID: "big", State: inventory.Ready, MemoryTotalMB: 31 * 1024}
	st := store(big)
	st.Allocate("big", inventory.Allocation{
		ShardID: "first-r0", ReplicaID: "first", MemoryGB: 20,
	})

	s := New(st)
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp", MinMemoryGB: 15, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatalf("placed on %s with 11 GB left of 31 and 15 needed",
			res.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID)
	}
	// Both numbers, or "needs 15" beside a 31 GB machine reads as a bug in the
	// scheduler rather than a full node.
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "31 GB of memory with 11 free") {
		t.Errorf("the rejection should show what is left:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestOneLargeModelStillFits(t *testing.T) {
	big := inventory.Node{ID: "big", State: inventory.Ready, MemoryTotalMB: 31 * 1024}
	s := New(store(big))
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp", MinMemoryGB: 15, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Errorf("an empty node should take the first one:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestTwoSmallModelsStillShareANode(t *testing.T) {
	// Accounting for what is claimed must not turn into one model per machine.
	big := inventory.Node{ID: "big", State: inventory.Ready, MemoryTotalMB: 31 * 1024}
	st := store(big)
	st.Allocate("big", inventory.Allocation{ShardID: "a-r0", ReplicaID: "a", MemoryGB: 3})

	s := New(st)
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp", MinMemoryGB: 3, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Errorf("3 GB beside 3 GB on a 31 GB node should fit:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestAProfileThatDeclaresNothingClaimsNothing(t *testing.T) {
	// Zero is "nobody said", and counting it as a claim would let one
	// undeclared model make a node look full.
	big := inventory.Node{ID: "big", State: inventory.Ready, MemoryTotalMB: 31 * 1024}
	st := store(big)
	st.Allocate("big", inventory.Allocation{ShardID: "a-r0", ReplicaID: "a"})

	s := New(st)
	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "cpu", Engine: "llamacpp", MinMemoryGB: 30, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Errorf("an undeclared neighbour should not fill the node:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestANodeStillInstallingItsEngineIsNotACandidate(t *testing.T) {
	// A node rebuilt from nothing registers before its agent has installed
	// anything, and reports no engines. Treated as "too old to say", it was a
	// candidate for every model at the moment it could run none of them.
	fresh := node("fresh", "h100-80g", 8)
	fresh.EnginesProbed = true
	fresh.Provision = []inventory.EngineInstall{{
		Engine: "vllm", Version: "0.29.0", State: "installing", Detail: "downloading",
	}}

	res := New(store(fresh)).Place([]Profile{{
		Name: "tp1", Engine: "vllm", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1,
	}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatal("placed on a node whose engine is not installed yet")
	}
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "installing: downloading") {
		t.Errorf("the rejection should say the engine is on its way:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}

	// The simulated engine is part of the agent, so it is never installed and
	// never missing.
	res = New(store(fresh)).Place([]Profile{{
		Name: "sim", Engine: "sim", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1,
	}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Errorf("sim was refused:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestAGroupIsJoinedToItselfNotOnlyToOneCard(t *testing.T) {
	// Cards bridged in pairs, as on PCIe boxes with NVLink bridges. For two
	// cards, a pair joined by NVLink wins over lower indices that are not
	// joined at all.
	n := node("n1", "h100-80g", 8)
	link := func(a, b int) {
		n.GPUs[a].NVLinkPeers = append(n.GPUs[a].NVLinkPeers, b)
		n.GPUs[b].NVLinkPeers = append(n.GPUs[b].NVLinkPeers, a)
	}
	link(2, 3)
	link(4, 5)
	st := store(n)
	// 0 and 1 are taken; 2-3 is the lowest pair that shares NVLink.
	st.Allocate("n1", inventory.Allocation{ShardID: "s1", ReplicaID: "r1", GPUIndices: []int{0, 1}})
	res := New(st).Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp2", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 2, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if got := res.Placement.Nodes[0].GPUIndices; !slices.Equal(got, []int{2, 3}) {
		t.Errorf("chose %v, want the NVLink pair 2-3", got)
	}
}

func TestAMultiNodeShardTakesTheCardsNearestTheFabric(t *testing.T) {
	// Every transfer between nodes goes through an adapter. Cards 4-7 sit
	// under the same PCIe switch as the fabric's adapter; 0-3 are across the
	// socket from it, and would cross the processor interconnect every time.
	mk := func(id string) inventory.Node {
		n := node(id, "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a")
		n.Fabrics[0].HCAs = []string{"mlx5_1"}
		for i := range n.GPUs {
			rel := "SYS"
			if i >= 4 {
				rel = "PIX"
			}
			n.GPUs[i].NICPaths = map[string]string{"mlx5_1": rel}
			n.GPUs[i].NUMANode = i / 4
		}
		return n
	}
	res := New(store(mk("a"), mk("b"))).Place(
		[]Profile{{Name: "tp8pp", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	for _, a := range res.Placement.Nodes {
		if !slices.Equal(a.GPUIndices, []int{4, 5, 6, 7}) {
			t.Errorf("%s: chose %v, want the cards beside the adapter", a.NodeID, a.GPUIndices)
		}
	}
}

func TestWithoutTopologyItIsTheLowestIndices(t *testing.T) {
	st := store(node("n1", "h100-80g", 8))
	st.Allocate("n1", inventory.Allocation{ShardID: "s1", ReplicaID: "r1", GPUIndices: []int{1}})
	res := New(st).Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp4", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if got := res.Placement.Nodes[0].GPUIndices; !slices.Equal(got, []int{0, 2, 3, 4}) {
		t.Errorf("chose %v", got)
	}
}

// onSM puts a node's declared adapters on the fabric a subnet manager runs.
func onSM(n inventory.Node, sm string) inventory.Node {
	for _, f := range n.Fabrics {
		for _, h := range f.HCAs {
			n.IBPorts = append(n.IBPorts, inventory.IBPort{HCA: h, Port: 1, State: "ACTIVE",
				LinkLayer: "InfiniBand", SMGUID: sm})
		}
	}
	return n
}

func TestTwoFabricsGivenOneNameAreNeverSpanned(t *testing.T) {
	// Somebody named two separate fabrics ib-a. Each has two free nodes; the
	// replica needs three. Spread across both it would start and hang on its
	// first collective, since nothing routes between them.
	st := store(
		onSM(node("a1", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"), "0x01"), onSM(node("a2", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"), "0x01"),
		onSM(node("b1", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"), "0x02"), onSM(node("b2", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"), "0x02"),
	)
	res := New(st).Place([]Profile{{Name: "big", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 3}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil {
		t.Fatalf("placed across two physical fabrics: %+v", res.Placement.Nodes)
	}
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "ib-a@") {
		t.Errorf("the explanation should name the physical fabrics:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}

	// Two nodes fit on either; they come from one.
	res = New(st).Place([]Profile{{Name: "pair", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	first := res.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID[0]
	for _, a := range res.Placement.Nodes {
		if a.NodeID[0] != first {
			t.Errorf("a pair spans fabrics: %+v", res.Placement.Nodes)
		}
	}
}

func TestANodeThatDoesNotSayIsNotTrustedToJoin(t *testing.T) {
	// Without infiniband-diags a node cannot say which fabric it is on. It is
	// kept apart from nodes that can, rather than assumed to be with them.
	st := store(
		onSM(node("a1", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"), "0x01"),
		node("u1", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"),
	)
	if res := New(st).Place([]Profile{{Name: "pair", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 2}}, nil); res.Placement != nil {
		t.Errorf("a node of unknown fabric was paired with one of known: %+v", res.Placement.Nodes)
	}
	// Where no node says, the declared name is all there is, as before.
	st = store(node("u1", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"), node("u2", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"))
	if res := New(st).Place([]Profile{{Name: "pair", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 2}}, nil); res.Placement == nil {
		t.Errorf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestAdaptersOfOneDeclaredFabricOnTwoAreRefused(t *testing.T) {
	n := node("x", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a")
	n.IBPorts = []inventory.IBPort{
		{HCA: "mlx5_0", Port: 1, State: "ACTIVE", LinkLayer: "InfiniBand", SMGUID: "0x01"},
		{HCA: "mlx5_1", Port: 1, State: "ACTIVE", LinkLayer: "InfiniBand", SMGUID: "0x02"},
	}
	res := New(store(n, onSM(node("y", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"), "0x01"))).Place(
		[]Profile{{Name: "pair", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil || !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "cabled to different fabrics") {
		t.Errorf("expected a refusal naming the cabling:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestAFailoverDoesNotSplitAFabricForPlacement(t *testing.T) {
	// One port already sees the new master, the other the old; the managers
	// listed are the same, so the two nodes are still one fabric.
	a := onSM(node("a1", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"), "0x01")
	a.IBPorts[0].SMs = []inventory.SubnetManager{{GUID: "0x01", State: "master"}, {GUID: "0x02", State: "standby"}}
	b := onSM(node("a2", "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"), "0x02")
	res := New(store(a, b)).Place([]Profile{{Name: "pair", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("a failover split the fabric:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

// scanOf is ibnetdiscover's output for two leaves: leaf-a holding the first
// two nodes' adapters, leaf-b the other two. degraded names a node whose
// cable trained at half width.
func scanOf(ids []string, degraded string) string {
	var b strings.Builder
	for li, leaf := range []string{"00000000000000a1", "00000000000000a2"} {
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "Switch\t36 \"S-%s\"\t\t# \"MF0;leaf-%c:QM8700/U1\" enhanced port 0 lid %d lmc 0\n", leaf, 'a'+li, li+1)
		for k := 0; k < 2; k++ {
			id := ids[li*2+k]
			rate := "4xHDR"
			if id == degraded {
				rate = "2xHDR"
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "[%d]\t\"H-%s\"[1](%s) \t\t# \"%s mlx5_0\" lid %d %s\n", k+1, guidOf(id), guidOf(id), id, 10+li*2+k, rate)
		}
		b.WriteString("\n")
	}
	return b.String()
}

func guidOf(id string) string { return fmt.Sprintf("%016x", []byte(id)[len(id)-1]) }

func TestAReplicaStaysUnderOneLeafAndOffDegradedCables(t *testing.T) {
	ids := []string{"n1", "n2", "n3", "n4"}
	var nodes []inventory.Node
	for _, id := range ids {
		n := onSM(node(id, "h100-80g", 8, "ib-a"), "0x01")
		n.IBPorts[0].NodeGUID = "0x" + guidOf(id)
		nodes = append(nodes, n)
	}
	st := store(nodes...)
	// n1 sits on leaf-a with n2, but its cable trained at half width: leaf-a
	// has one good node, leaf-b two.
	st.SetScan(inventory.FabricScan{Key: "sm:0x01", At: time.Now(), Output: scanOf(ids, "n1")})
	res := New(st).Place([]Profile{{Name: "pair", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 8, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	var got []string
	for _, a := range res.Placement.Nodes {
		got = append(got, a.NodeID)
	}
	if !slices.Equal(got, []string{"n3", "n4"}) {
		t.Errorf("placed on %v, want the two good nodes under leaf-b", got)
	}
}

// inDomain joins every card of a node to one multi-node NVLink domain, with
// IMEX up.
func inDomain(n inventory.Node, clique string) inventory.Node {
	for i := range n.GPUs {
		n.GPUs[i].Fabric = &discovery.GPUFabric{State: "Completed", ClusterUUID: "76b1ad76-7c24-4b6b-9f6c-2a1e0d8c11aa", CliqueID: clique}
	}
	n.IMEX = discovery.IMEX{State: "active", Channels: 1}
	return n
}

func TestAReplicaSpansNodesOverNVLinkBeforeInfiniBand(t *testing.T) {
	// Four trays on one InfiniBand fabric, two of them in an NVLink domain:
	// the pair is placed across the domain, where tensor parallelism between
	// nodes runs at NVLink speed, and given no adapters to use.
	st := store(
		onSM(node("ib1", "h100-80g", 4, "ib-a"), "0x01"), onSM(node("ib2", "h100-80g", 4, "ib-a"), "0x01"),
		inDomain(onSM(node("nv1", "h100-80g", 4, "ib-a"), "0x01"), "7"),
		inDomain(onSM(node("nv2", "h100-80g", 4, "ib-a"), "0x01"), "7"),
	)
	res := New(st).Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp8", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil {
		t.Fatalf("no placement:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
	if !strings.HasPrefix(res.Placement.Fabric, NVLinkFabric) || !strings.HasPrefix(res.Placement.Pool, "nvl:76b1ad76.7/") {
		t.Errorf("fabric %q pool %q", res.Placement.Fabric, res.Placement.Pool)
	}
	for _, a := range res.Placement.Nodes {
		if !strings.HasPrefix(a.NodeID, "nv") || len(a.HCAs) != 0 {
			t.Errorf("assignment %+v", a)
		}
	}
}

func TestANodeWithoutIMEXIsNotCountedInItsDomain(t *testing.T) {
	a := inDomain(onSM(node("nv1", "h100-80g", 4, "ib-a"), "0x01"), "7")
	b := inDomain(onSM(node("nv2", "h100-80g", 4, "ib-a"), "0x01"), "7")
	b.IMEX.State = "inactive"
	res := New(store(a, b)).Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp8", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	// Not across the domain; InfiniBand still carries it.
	if res.Placement == nil || strings.HasPrefix(res.Placement.Fabric, NVLinkFabric) {
		t.Fatalf("placement %+v\n%s", res.Placement, res.Explain())
	}

	// With no InfiniBand to fall back on, the refusal says why.
	a2 := inDomain(node("nv1", "h100-80g", 4), "7")
	b2 := inDomain(node("nv2", "h100-80g", 4), "7")
	b2.IMEX.State = "inactive"
	res = New(store(a2, b2)).Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp8", GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 4, Nodes: 2}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil || !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "nvidia-imex is not up") {
		t.Errorf("the explanation should say why the domain was passed over:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}

func TestAProfileCanAskForAnEngineVersion(t *testing.T) {
	old := withEngines("volta", 8, "vllm", "llamacpp")
	old.EngineVersions["vllm"] = "0.10.2"
	newer := withEngines("hopper", 8, "vllm")
	newer.EngineVersions["vllm"] = "0.11.1"
	s := New(store(old, newer))

	res := s.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp1", Engine: "vllm", EngineVersion: "0.11", GPUClass: "h100-80g",
		GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement == nil || res.Placement.Nodes[0].NodeID != "hopper" {
		t.Fatalf("placed where the version is not:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}

	only := New(store(old))
	res = only.Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp1", Engine: "vllm", EngineVersion: "0.11", GPUClass: "h100-80g",
		GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if res.Placement != nil || !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "has vllm 0.10.2, not the 0.11") {
		t.Errorf("the rejection should say which version is there:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}

	// A node without the engine says what it has instead.
	res = New(store(withEngines("cpu-only", 8, "llamacpp"))).Place([]Profile{{Name: "tp1", Engine: "vllm",
		GPUClass: "h100-80g", GPUsPerNode: 1, Nodes: 1}}, nil)
	if !strings.Contains(res.Explain(), "it has llamacpp") {
		t.Errorf("the rejection should say what the node has:\n%s", res.Explain())
	}
}